Jenis Burung Hantu (Owl Species) di Indonesia dan Dunia


Jenis Burung Hantu Di Indonesia– Selain jenis elang dan jenis alap-alap, burung hantu adalah merupakan salatu jenis burung pemangsa anggota dari keluarga Strigiformes yang berburu pada waktu malam hari. Seluruhnya, terdapat sekitar 244 spesies yang telah diketahui, yang menyebar di seluruh dunia kecuali Antartika, sebagian besar Greenland, dan beberapa pulau-pulau terpencil. Di dunia barat, burung hantu dianggap simbol kebijaksanaan, tetapi di beberapa tempat di Indonesia dianggap pembawa pratanda maut, sehingga masyarakat menyebutnya dengan nama burung hantu.

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Mengenal Jenis Burung Hantu Di Indonesia

Burung hantu dikenal karena matanya yang besar dan menghadap ke depan, tak seperti pada umumnya jenis burung lain yang matanya berada di samping. Burung ini dikategorikan burung pemangsa karena memiliki paruh yang bengkok tajam seperti seperti elang CHE, elang IBE, autralian hobby atau falco subboteo dan susunan bulu di kepala yang membentuk lingkaran wajah, tampilan “wajah” burung hantu ini demikian mengesankan dan kadang-kadang menyeramkan. Apalagi leher burung ini demikian lentur sehingga wajahnya dapat berputar 180 derajat ke belakang. Meski begitu tidak di semua tempat di Indonesia disebut sebagai burung hantu. Misalnya di pulau jawa, burung ini disebut dengan nama darès atau manuk darès yang tidak ada kaitannya dengan kematian atau hantu. Sedang di Sulawesi Utara, burung hantu dikenal dengan nama Manguni.

jenis burung hantu di Indonesia

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Ekor burung hantu umumnya pendek, namun sayapnya besar dan lebar. Rentang sayapnya mencapai sekitar tiga kali panjang tubuhnya. Kebanyakan jenis burung hantu di indonesia berburu di malam hari, meski sebagiannya berburu ketika hari remang-remang di waktu subuh dan sore (krepuskular) dan ada pula beberapa yang berburu di siang hari. Mata yang menghadap ke depan, sehingga memungkinkan mengukur jarak dengan tepat; paruh yang kuat dan tajam; kaki yang cekatan dan mampu mencengkeram dengan kuat; dan kemampuan terbang tanpa berisik, merupakan modal dasar bagi kemampuan berburu dalam gelapnya malam. Beberapa jenis bahkan dapat memperkirakan jarak dan posisi mangsa dalam kegelapan total, hanya berdasarkan indra pendengaran dibantu oleh bulu-bulu wajahnya untuk mengarahkan suara.

Sarang Burung Hantu

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Sarang terutama dibuat di lubang-lubang pohon, atau di antara pelepah daun bangsa palem. Beberapa jenis juga kerap memanfaatkan ruang-ruang pada bangunan, seperti di bawah atap atau lubang-lubang yang kosong. Bergantung pada jenisnya, bertelur antara satu hingga empat butir, kebanyakan berwarna putih atau putih berbercak. Jenis Burung hantu di Indonesia biasanya berburu aneka binatang seperti serangga, kodok, tikus, dan lain-lain. Sehingga sangat wajar jika burung hantu dijadikan sebagai pembasmi hama oleh para petani. Karena tingkat keefektifan jauh lebih besar ketimbang menggunakan racun tikus.

Jenis Burung Hantu di Indonesia dan Dunia

jenis burung hantu di Indonesia

Seperti yang sudah disinggung di atas, bahwa burung hantu memiliki 224 spesies yang dikelompokkan lagi ke beberapa genus seperti Tyto, Phodilus, Otus, Psiloscops, Megascops, Pyrroglaux, Gymnoglaux, Ptilopsis, Mimizuku, Bubo, Pulsatrix, Strix, Jubula, Lophostrix, Surnia, Glaucidium, Xenoglaux, Micrathene, Athene, Aegolius, Ninox, Uroglaux, Sceloglaux, Nesasio, Pseudoscops, Asio. Sedangkan untuk jenis burung hantu di Indonesia sendiri bisa cek dibawah :

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Jenis burung hantu di indonesia

Adapun jenis burung hantu yang ada di Indonesia adalah:

Jenis Burung Hantu di Indonesia Tipe Tytonidae

Serak Jawa (Tyto alba)
Serak bukit (Phodilus badius)

Jenis Burung Hantu di Indonesia Tipe Strigidae

Celepuk reban (Otus lempiji)
Beluk jampuk (Bubo sumatranus)
Beluk ketupa (Ketupa ketupu)
Punggok coklat (Ninox scutulata)
Kokok beluk (Strix leptogrammica)
Burung hantu elang utara (Surnia ulala)

Jenis burung hantu di dunia

Sedangkan untuk jenis burung hantu yang ada di dunia adalah:

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Genus: Tyto (Barn & Grass Owls)

Common Barn Owl, Tyto alba
Ashy-faced Owl, Tyto glaucops
Andaman Barn Owl, Tyto deroepstorffi
Madagascar Red Owl, Tyto soumagnei
Golden Masked Owl, Tyto aurantia
Taliabu Masked Owl, Tyto nigrobrunnea
Minahassa Masked Owl, Tyto inexspectata
Lesser Masked Owl, Tyto sororcula
Seram Masked Owl, Tyto almae
Manus Masked Owl, Tyto manusi
Sulawesi Masked Owl, Tyto rosenbergii
Australian Masked Owl, Tyto novaehollandiae
Tasmanian Masked Owl, Tyto castanops
African Grass Owl, Tyto capensis
Eastern Grass Owl, Tyto longimembris
Lesser Sooty Owl, Tyto multipunctata
Greater Sooty Owl, Tyto tenebricosa
Itombwe Owl, Tyto prigoginei

Genus: Phodilus (Bay Owls)

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Oriental Bay Owl, Phodilus badius
Sri Lanka Bay Owl, Phodilus assimilis

Family: Strigidae (Typical Owls) dan Genus: Otus (Scops Owls)

White-fronted Scops Owl, Otus sagittatus
Reddish Scops Owl, Otus rufescens
Serendib Scops Owl, Otus thilohoffmanni
Cinnamon Scops Owl, Otus icterorhynchus
Sokoke Scops Owl, Otus ireneae
Andaman Scops Owl, Otus balli
Flores Scops Owl, Otus alfredi
Mountain Scops Owl, Otus spilocephalus
Javan Scops Owl, Otus angelinae
Mindanao Scops Owl, Otus mirus
Luzon Scops Owl, Otus longicornis
Mindoro Scops Owl, Otus mindorensis
São Tomé Scops Owl, Otus hartlaubi
Madagascar Scops Owl, Otus rutilus
Torotoroka Scops Owl, Otus madagascariensis
Mayotte Scops Owl, Otus mayottensis

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Grand Comoro Scops Owl, Otus pauliani
Anjouan Scops Owl, Otus capnodes
Mohéli Scops Owl, Otus moheliensis
Pemba Scops Owl, Otus pembaensis
Common Scops Owl, Otus scops
Cyprus Scops Owl, Otus cyprius
Pallid Scops Owl, Otus brucei
Arabian Scops Owl, Otus pamelae
Socotra Scops Owl, Otus socotranus
African Scops Owl, Otus senegalensis
Oriental Scops Owl, Otus sunia
Ryukyu Scops Owl, Otus elegans
Moluccan Scops Owl, Otus magicus

Tipe Unik dari Family dan Genus ini

Wetar Scops Owl, Otus tempestatis
Sula Scops Owl, Otus sulaensis
Biak Scops Owl, Otus beccarii
Sulawesi Scops Owl, Otus manadensis
Sangihe Scops Owl, Otus collari
Mantanani Scops Owl, Otus mantananensis
Seychelles Scops Owl, Otus insularis
Nicobar Scops Owl, Otus alius
Simeulue Scops Owl, Otus umbra
Enggano Scops Owl, Otus enganensis
Mentawai Scops Owl, Otus mentawi

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Rajah Scops Owl, Otus brookii
Sunda Scops Owl, Otus lempiji
Collared Scops Owl, Otus lettia
Indian Scops Owl, Otus bakkamoena
Japanese Scops Owl, Otus semitorques
Philippine Scops Owl, Otus megalotis
Everett’s Scops Owl, Otus everetti
Negros Scops Owl, Otus nigrorum
Palawan Scops Owl, Otus fuliginosus
Wallace’s Scops Owl, Otus silvicola

Genus: Psiloscops (Flammulated Owl)

Flammulated Owl, Psiloscops flammeolus

Genus: Megascops (American Screech Owls)

Western Screech Owl, Megascops kennicottii
Eastern Screech Owl, Megascops asio
Oaxaca Screech Owl, Megascops lambi
Pacific Screech Owl, Megascops cooperi
Whiskered Screech Owl, Megascops trichopsis
Bearded Screech Owl, Megascops barbarus
Balsas Screech Owl, Megascops seductus
Bare-shanked Screech Owl, Megascops clarkii
Tropical Screech Owl, Megascops choliba
Koepcke’s Screech Owl, Megascops koepckeae
Peruvian Screech Owl, Megascops roboratus
Tumbes Screech Owl, Megascops pacificus

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Montane Forest Screech Owl, Megascops hoyi
Rufescent Screech Owl, Megascops ingens
Santa Marta Screech Owl, Megascops gilesi
Colombian Screech Owl, Megascops colombianus
Cinnamon Screech Owl, Megascops petersoni
Cloud-forest Screech Owl, Megascops marshalli
Northern Tawny-bellied Screech Owl, Megascops watsonii
Southern Tawny-bellied Screech Owl, Megascops usta

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Black-capped Screech Owl, Megascops atricapillus
Long-tufted Screech Owl, Megascops sanctaecatarinae
Vermiculated Screech Owl, Megascops vermiculatus
Chocó Screech Owl, Megascops centralis
Roraima Screech Owl, Megascops roraimae
Guatemalan Screech Owl, Megascops guatemalae
Rio Napo Screech Owl, Megascops napensis
Puerto Rican Screech Owl, Megascops nudipes
White-throated Screech Owl, Megascops albogularis

Genus: Pyrroglaux (Palau Owl)

Palau Owl, Pyrroglaux podarginus

Genus: Gymnoglaux (Bare-legged Owl)
Cuban Bare-legged Owl, Gymnoglaux lawrencii

Genus: Ptilopsis (White-faced Owls)

Northern White-faced Owl, Ptilopsis leucotis
Southern White-faced Owl, Ptilopsis granti

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Genus: Mimizuku (Giant Scops Owl)

Giant Scops Owl, Mimizuku gurneyi

Genus: Bubo (Snowy, Horned, Eagle & Fish Owls)

Snowy Owl, Bubo scandiacus
Great Horned Owl, Bubo virginianus
Magellanic Horned Owl, Bubo magellanicus
Eurasian Eagle Owl, Bubo bubo
Pharaoh Eagle Owl, Bubo ascalaphus
Indian Eagle Owl, Bubo bengalensis
Cape Eagle Owl, Bubo capensis
Spotted Eagle Owl, Bubo africanus
Greyish Eagle Owl, Bubo cinerascens
Fraser’s Eagle Owl, Bubo poensis
Usambara Eagle Owl, Bubo vosseleri
Verreaux’s Eagle Owl, Bubo lacteus
Shelley’s Eagle Owl, Bubo shelleyi
Barred Eagle Owl, Bubo sumatranus
Forest Eagle Owl, Bubo nipalensis
Dusky Eagle Owl, Bubo coromandus

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Akun Eagle Owl, Bubo leucostictus
Philippine Eagle Owl, Bubo philippensis
Blakiston’s Fish Owl, Bubo blakistoni
Brown Fish Owl, Bubo zeylonensis
Buffy Fish Owl, Bubo ketupu
Tawny Fish Owl, Bubo flavipes
Pel’s Fishing Owl, Bubo peli
Rufous Fishing Owl, Bubo ussheri
Vermiculated Fishing Owl, Bubo bouvieri

Genus: Pulsatrix (Spectacled Owls)

Spectacled Owl, Pulsatrix perspicillata
Short-browed Owl, Pulsatrix pulsatrix
Tawny-browed Owl, Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana
Band-bellied Owl, Pulsatrix melanota

Genus: Strix (Wood Owls)

Spotted Wood Owl, Strix seloputo
Mottled Wood Owl, Strix ocellata
Brown Wood Owl, Strix leptogrammica
Himalayan Wood Owl, Strix newarensis
Eurasian Tawny Owl, Strix aluco
Omani Owl, Strix omanensis
Hume’s Tawny Owl, Strix butleri
African Wood Owl, Strix woodfordii
Mottled Owl, Strix virgata
Rufous-legged Owl, Strix rufipes

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Chaco Owl, Strix chacoensis
Rusty-barred Owl, Strix hylophila
Rufous-banded Owl, Strix albitarsis
Black-and-White Owl, Strix nigrolineata
Black-banded Owl, Strix huhula
Spotted Owl, Strix occidentalis
Fulvous Owl, Strix fulvescens
Barred Owl, Strix varia
Sichuan Wood Owl, Strix davidi
Ural Owl, Strix uralensis
Great Grey Owl, Strix nebulosa

Genus: Jubula (Maned Owl)

Maned Owl, Jubula lettii

Genus: Lophostrix (Crested Owls)

Crested Owl, Lophostrix cristata

Genus: Surnia (Northern Hawk Owl)

Northern Hawk Owl, Surnia ulula

Genus: Glaucidium (Pygmy Owls)

Eurasian Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium passerinum
Pearl-spotted Owlet, Glaucidium perlatum
Red-chested Owlet, Glaucidium tephronotum
Collared Owlet, Glaucidium brodiei
Northern Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium californicum
Cape Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium hoskinsii
Mountain Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium gnoma
Cloud-forest Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium nubicola
Guatemalan Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium cobanense
Costa Rican Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium costaricanum
Cuban Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium siju
Tamaulipas Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium sanchezi
Colima Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium palmarum
Central American Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium griseiceps
Least Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium minutissimum
Pernambuco Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium mooreorum
Amazonian Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium hardyi
Subtropical Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium parkeri
Andean Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium jardinii
Yungas Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium bolivianum
Peruvian Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium peruanum
Austral Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium nana
Ferruginous Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium brasilianum
Ridgway’s Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium ridgwayi
Chaco Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium tucumanum
Barred Jungle Owlet, Glaucidium radiatum
Chestnut-backed Owlet, Glaucidium castanotum
Asian Barred Owlet, Glaucidium cuculoides
Javan Owlet, Glaucidium castanopterum
Sjöstedt’s Owlet, Glaucidium sjostedti
African Barred Owlet, Glaucidium capense
Chesnut Owlet, Glaucidium castaneum
Etchécopar’s Owlet, Glaucidium etchecopari
Albertine Owlet, Glaucidium albertinum

Genus: Xenoglaux (Long-whiskered Owlet)

Long-whiskered Owlet, Xenoglaux loweryi

Genus: Micrathene (Elf Owl)

Elf Owl, Micrathene whitneyi

Genus: Athene (Little Owls)

Burrowing Owl, Athene cunicularia
Forest Owlet, Athene blewitti
Little Owl, Athene noctua
Spotted Owlet, Athene brama

Genus: Aegolius (Forest Owls)

Boreal Owl, Aegolius funereus
Northern Saw-whet Owl, Aegolius acadicus
Unspotted Saw-whet Owl, Aegolius ridgwayi
Buff-fronted Owl, Aegolius harrisii

Genus: Ninox (Hawk Owls)

Rufous Owl, Ninox rufa
Powerful Owl, Ninox strenua
Barking Owl, Ninox connivens
Sumba Boobook Owl, Ninox rudolfi
Little Sumba Hawk Owl, Ninox sumbaensis
Togian Hawk Owl, Ninox burhani
Cinnabar Hawk Owl, Ninox ios
Morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae
Southern Boobook Owl, Ninox boobook
Brown Hawk Owl, Ninox scutulata
Andaman Hawk Owl, Ninox affinis
Madagascar Hawk Owl, Ninox superciliaris
Philippine Hawk Owl, Ninox philippensis
Mindoro Hawk Owl, Ninox mindorensis
Mindanao Hawk Owl, Ninox spilocephala
Romblon Hawk Owl, Ninox spilonota
Cebu Hawk Owl, Ninox rumseyi
Camiguin Hawk Owl, Ninox leventisi
Sulu Hawk Owl, Ninox reyi
Ochre-bellied Hawk Owl, Ninox ochracea

Baca Juga: Elang Paria, Black Kite

Solomons Hawk Owl, Ninox jacquinoti
Jungle Hawk Owl, Ninox theomacha
Speckled Hawk Owl, Ninox punctulata
New Britain Hawk Owl, Ninox odiosa
Moluccan Hawk Owl, Ninox squamipila
Halmahera Boobook Owl, Ninox hypogramma
Tanimbar Boobook Owl, Ninox forbesi
Christmas Island Hawk Owl, Ninox natalis
Manus Hawk Owl, Ninox meeki
Bismarck Hawk Owl, Ninox variegata

Genus: Uroglaux (Papuan Hawk Owl)

Papuan Hawk Owl, Uroglaux dimorpha

Genus: Sceloglaux (Laughing Owl)

Laughing Owl, Sceloglaux albifacies

Genus: Nesasio (Fearful Owl)

Fearful Owl, Nesasio solomonensis

Genus: Pseudoscops (Jamaican Owl)

Jamaican Owl, Pseudoscops grammicus

Genus: Asio (Eared Owls & allies)

Stygian Owl, Asio stygius
Long-eared Owl, Asio otus
Abyssinian Long-eared Owl, Asio abyssinicus
Madagascar Long-eared Owl, Asio madagascariensis
Striped Owl, Asio clamator
Short-eared Owl, Asio flammeus
Galápagos Short-eared Owl, Asio galapagoensis
Marsh Owl, Asio capensis

Itulah beberapa jenis burung hantu yang dapat dijadikan deferensi untuk dijadikan hewan peliharaan. Dimana harga burung hantu bervariasi namun meski begitu cara melatih burung hantu tidak jauh beda dengan jenis hewan lainnya. Untuk info lengkap mengenai burung hantu lainnya, dapat dilihat disini.

Baca Juga: Suara Burung Hantu Untuk Pikat Masteran Burung

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